실험 방법론: 산화 스트레스 ↔ Nrf2 ↔ Ferroptosis ↔ Mitophagy

Zhang et al. (2026), Redox Report — doi: 10.1080/13510002.2026.2654906 기반 정리


🐭 1. KO Mouse Models

Nrf2⁻/⁻ (global KO) · Keap1 knockdown · GPX4 conditional KO · SLC7A11-KO · PINK1⁻/⁻ · Parkin⁻/⁻ · SIRT3 cKO (NEX-Cre)


🧫 2. Cell Models

MEFs (Nrf2-KO vs WT) · Primary cortical/dopaminergic neurons · HT22 (hippocampal) · SH-SY5Y (dopaminergic) · iPSC-derived neurons · ρ⁰ cells (mtDNA-depleted)


💊 3. 주요 약물

【Nrf2 활성화】 Sulforaphane (SFN) · tBHQ · CDDO-Me (bardoxolone) 【Nrf2 억제】 ML385 【Ferroptosis 유도】 Erastin · RSL3 · FIN56 【Ferroptosis 억제】 Ferrostatin-1 · Liproxstatin-1 · Deferoxamine · Vitamin E · NAC 【Mitophagy 조절】 CCCP · Antimycin A · Oligomycin · Mdivi-1 · Chloroquine · 3-MA


🧬 4. Omics Technologies

RNA-seq (DEG → GSEA → ferroptosis gene sets) ChIP-seq (Nrf2 binding at ARE motifs: GPX4, SLC7A11, NQO1, HMOX1) ATAC-seq (chromatin accessibility at ARE regions) Lipidomics: LC-MS/MS — oxPEs, oxPCs, MDA, 4-HNE 정량 Proteomics: AP-MS (Nrf2 interactome), Redox proteomics (OxICAT) Single-nucleus RNA-seq (14 cortical regions, 1,121,772 nuclei) Spatial Transcriptomics Stereo-seq (PD substantia nigra, 1,888,306 cells) Single-cell Redoxomics · UPLC-MS/MS biomarker panel


📊 5. 연결 고리별 실험 요약

OS → Nrf2: Nrf2⁻/⁻, Keap1-KD | MEFs, primary neurons | SFN, tBHQ, CDDO-Me, ML385 | ChIP-seq (ARE), RNA-seq Nrf2 → Ferroptosis: GPX4-KO, SLC7A11-KO | HT22, SH-SY5Y | Erastin, RSL3, Fer-1 | RNA-seq, Lipidomics Ferroptosis → Mitophagy: PINK1⁻/⁻, Parkin⁻/⁻, SIRT3-cKO | SH-SY5Y, ρ⁰ cells | Antimycin A, CCCP | Proteomics, Spatial Tx SIRT3 → PINK1/Parkin: SIRT3 cKO (NEX-Cre) | Primary neurons | MitoQ, SkQR1 | Acetyl-proteomics


📚 Key Original Papers

• Itoh K, et al. Keap1 represses Nrf2. Genes Dev. 1999 • Dixon SJ, et al. Ferroptosis. Cell. 2012 • Narendra D, et al. PINK1/Parkin mitophagy. J Cell Biol. 2008 • Dodson M, et al. NRF2 & ferroptosis. Trends Biochem Sci. 2019 • Sun X, et al. p62-Keap1-NRF2 & ferroptosis. Cell. 2016 • Seiler A, et al. GPX4 conditional KO. Cell Metab. 2008 • Liu J, et al. PINK1/Parkin mitophagy. Phytomedicine. 2024

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